Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay - 1565 Words

Introduction Autism spectrum disorders Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a collection of heterogeneous disorders that share the characteristics of social and communicative deficits, highly focused and restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The estimated prevalence of the disorder in 2014 was 1 in 45 (2.24%) children and adolescents age 3 to 17 (Zablotsky et al., 2015). Behavioral symptoms typically become evident in the first 2 years of life and involve abnormalities in language development, social attention, and emotional reactivity (Landa Garret-Mayer, 2006; Dawson et al., 2004). The symptoms of this disorder often have a negative impact on the quality of life of the individual,†¦show more content†¦The overfunctioning of primary perceptual regions may explain this atypical perceptual processing. We also see of enhanced feedforward, but reduced feedback connectivity in ASD, based on MEG findings. One study found a locally generated cortical response in the primary motor cortex (S1) and secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) to be reduced in adolescents with ASD. Feedforward functional connectivity between S1 and S2 was also investigated, which was increased in the ASD group. This study also reported significantly reduced mu-ÃŽ ² rhythm, a measure associated feedback connectivity (Khan et al., 2015b). Functional studies have found that activity from sensorimotor tasks ‘invade’ association cortices (Mà ¼ller et al., 2004; Mà ¼ller et al., 2003), and overconnectivity between sensorimotor cortices and supramodal cortices (Carper et al., 2015). This developmental hypothesis is yet to be tested between the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex, and could likely lend insight to the symptoms we see in the ASDs. Striatum Anatomy, function, and connections of the striatum The striatum works in conjunction with the cortex to execute and control motor functions (Raz et al., 1995). The striatum is also crucial to higher order functioning, such as action planning, decision making, motivation and reward perception (Hollander et al., 2005). This structure has been associated with symptomatic behaviors in a number of other disorders, includingShow MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesAutism If your odds were one in 68 would you play the lotto? With odds that good it would be hard not to, but these are not the odds for the lottery - this is the chance that your child will have autism. Autism is a challenging disorder not only for the child, but also for the parents and family of the child. A long road begins for the family once this disorder is diagnosed and it takes a strong support structure for all that are involved. In today’s society, every person and profession willRead MoreEssay On Autism Spectrum Disorders811 Words   |  4 PagesPreviously other studies have failed to replicate the different performances between people with Autism Spectrum Disorder and controls that resulted in inconsistent findings. This study is primarily to assess the visual search abilities in children with autism spectrum disorders, tested through the flicker task. The researchers hypothesized children with ASD will be more compromised in the changes on emotion-laden than in typi cally developing children; which differed from previous hypothesis. QuestionsRead More Autism Spectrum Disorders Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagespaper discusses the potential of using technologies in the diagnosis, study and intervention treatments of autism. The first part of paper introduces background information on autism spectrum disorder. The second part deals with review of literature survey. 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Sjaarda et al. show a link between a genetic mutation in the serotonin transporter Slc6a4 gene, prenatal stress and the development of ASD-related characteristics. Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitterRead MoreEssay on Autism Spectrum Disorders4121 Words   |  17 PagesAutism is a disorder enshrouded in enigma. This perplexing thing we call autism has left many developmental experts scratching their heads time and again as to what the specific causes may be. Dead ends and an endless multitude of potential factors seem to be the most common results researchers stumble upon as it relates to the origins of autism. Although it is postulated that autism has a somewhat strong genetic basis involving but not limited to rare and complex gene mutations, it is still a